Concepts

Deep dive articles explaining the "why" of technology

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How GraphQL Works - The New Standard for Flexible API Design

Explaining GraphQL query language, schema definitions, and how resolvers work. Understand the differences from REST API and when to use each.

2025.12.20 API

Microservices Architecture - Fundamentals of Distributed System Design

A detailed explanation of microservices design principles, service decomposition approaches, communication patterns, and challenges with solutions.

2025.12.19 Design

How Load Balancing Works - Stabilizing Services Through Traffic Distribution

A detailed explanation of load balancer roles, major algorithms, L4/L7 differences, and health check mechanisms.

2025.12.18 Infrastructure

How TCP/IP Works - Understanding the Foundation of Internet Communication

A visual explanation of the TCP/IP protocol stack's 4-layer model, 3-way handshake, and how data is segmented and reassembled.

2025.12.18 Networking

How REST API Works - Understanding Web API Design Principles

A detailed explanation of RESTful API's six design principles, HTTP method usage, status codes, and authentication methods.

2025.12.17 API

How Message Queues Work - Asynchronous Processing and System Integration

A detailed explanation of message queue concepts, Pub/Sub patterns, and use cases using RabbitMQ, Kafka, and more.

2025.12.17 Infrastructure

How Caching Works - The Key to Web Performance Optimization

A detailed explanation of browser cache, CDN, server-side cache mechanisms, and how to use Cache-Control headers.

2025.12.16 Performance

How CDN Works - Technology for Faster Content Delivery

A detailed explanation of CDN basic concepts, edge locations, caching strategies, and features of major providers.

2025.12.16 Networking

Database Replication - Achieving Availability and Scalability

Detailed explanation of master-slave configuration, synchronous/asynchronous replication, and failover mechanisms.

2025.12.15 Database

How HTTPS Works - Why Communication is Secure

A visual explanation of SSL/TLS encryption process. Understanding the use of public key and symmetric key cryptography.

2025.12.15 Security

API Versioning Strategies - Design for Backward Compatibility

Versioning methods using URL paths, headers, and query parameters, along with best practices for maintaining compatibility.

2025.12.14 API

How JWT Works - Understanding Token-Based Authentication

A detailed explanation of JSON Web Token structure, how signatures work, and the difference between access tokens and refresh tokens.

2025.12.14 Security

How Rate Limiting Works - Access Control to Protect APIs

A detailed explanation of algorithms like token bucket and sliding window, along with rate limiting implementation patterns.

2025.12.13 API

How WebSocket Works - Understanding Real-time Bidirectional Communication

A visual explanation of WebSocket handshake, frame structure, differences from HTTP, and how Socket.IO works.

2025.12.13 Networking

How DNS Works - From Domain Name to IP Address

A step-by-step explanation of the name resolution process. Understand the role of caching and TTL.

2025.12.12 Network

Event-Driven Architecture - Designing Loosely Coupled Systems

A detailed explanation of event-driven design fundamentals, event sourcing, CQRS, and implementation patterns.

2025.12.12 Design

How CI/CD Works - Understanding Continuous Integration and Delivery

A detailed explanation of CI/CD pipeline components, GitHub Actions and GitLab CI configuration examples, and best practices.

2025.12.11 DevOps

Twelve-Factor App - Cloud-Native Design Principles

A detailed explanation of building scalable and maintainable applications using 12 design principles.

2025.12.11 Design

How CORS Works - Understanding Cross-Origin Requests

Detailed explanation of CORS basic concepts, preflight requests, configuration methods, and solutions to common errors.

2025.12.10 Security

How Docker Containers Work - Differences from Virtual Machines

Explaining the Linux namespaces and cgroups that form the foundation of container technology. Understand why containers are lightweight.

2025.12.10 Infrastructure

Container Orchestration - Introduction to Kubernetes

Automating container management, basic Kubernetes concepts, and how Pods, Services, and Deployments work.

2025.12.09 Infrastructure

Types of Authentication Methods - Comparing Sessions, Tokens, and OAuth

Compare authentication methods for web applications. Explains the features and use cases of session authentication, JWT, and OAuth 2.0.

2025.12.08 Security

How Git Works - Internal Structure of Version Control

Explaining the internal workings of commits, branches, and merges. Understand the structure of the object database.

2025.12.08 Version Control

SQL vs NoSQL - Guidelines for Database Selection

A detailed explanation of relational databases and NoSQL characteristics, CAP theorem, and how to choose based on use cases.

2025.12.07 Database

Encryption Fundamentals - Cryptographic Technologies for Protecting Data

A detailed explanation of symmetric encryption, public key encryption, and hash functions, including how to choose between them.

2025.12.06 Security

How Database Indexes Work

The difference between B-Tree and Hash indexes. Illustrated explanation of why searches become faster.

2025.12.05 Database

HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 - Evolution of Web Protocols

The evolution from HTTP/1.1 to HTTP/2 and HTTP/3. Explaining multiplexing, header compression, and how QUIC works.

2025.12.05 Network

Serverless Architecture - Introduction to FaaS

Serverless technologies like AWS Lambda and Cloud Functions. Explaining cold starts, pricing models, and use cases.

2025.12.04 Infrastructure

Web Security Fundamentals - OWASP Top 10 Countermeasures

A detailed explanation of XSS, SQL Injection, CSRF, and other major web vulnerabilities and their countermeasures.

2025.12.03 Security

REST API Design Principles - Building Scalable and Maintainable APIs

Learn REST API design best practices. From resource design, HTTP methods, status codes, pagination, versioning to error handling - a comprehensive guide.

2025.12.02 REST API

Complete Guide to Authentication and Authorization Patterns - Designing Secure Access Control

Explains authentication and authorization design patterns in web applications. Covers implementation of JWT, sessions, OAuth 2.0, RBAC, ABAC, and security best practices.

2025.12.02 Security

Clean Architecture Introduction - Dependency Inversion and Layer Design

Explains Clean Architecture principles and implementation patterns. Covers the dependency inversion principle, layer composition, use case design, and TypeScript implementation examples in detail.

2025.12.02 Clean Architecture

CQRS & Event Sourcing Introduction - Scalable Architecture Design

Detailed explanation from concepts to implementation of CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation) and Event Sourcing. Covers read/write separation, event stores, Saga pattern, and implementation considerations.

2025.12.02 CQRS

Database Index Mechanics and Optimization - Query Acceleration Principles

From B-Tree, Hash, GIN index mechanics to composite index design, execution plan reading, and anti-patterns. Thorough explanation of index optimization using PostgreSQL examples.

2025.12.02 Database

Modern Design Patterns Practical Guide - GoF to 2025

From GoF design patterns to the latest architecture patterns, explained with TypeScript/Python implementation examples. Introducing modern application methods including SOLID principles, dependency injection, and repository pattern.

2025.12.02 Design

Domain-Driven Design (DDD) Practical Guide - Learning Tactical Design with TypeScript

Covering DDD fundamentals to practical tactical design patterns. Introducing TypeScript implementations of Entities, Value Objects, Aggregates, Repositories, and Domain Services.

2025.12.02 Design

GraphQL vs REST API - Design Philosophy and Selection Criteria

A thorough comparison of GraphQL and REST API design philosophies, advantages and disadvantages, and performance characteristics. Learn the criteria for choosing the optimal API design for your project.

2025.12.02 API

Message Queue Design Guide - Asynchronous Processing and Event-Driven Architecture

From basic concepts of message queues to practical design patterns. Comparing RabbitMQ, Kafka, SQS, and Redis Streams with selection criteria and methods for building reliable systems.

2025.12.02 Architecture

Micro Frontend Design - Scalable UI Development with Independent Teams

Explaining micro frontend architecture principles and implementation patterns. Covering Module Federation, Single-SPA, iframe, routing strategies, state sharing, and deployment strategies in detail.

2025.12.02 Micro Frontend

Introduction to Microservices Architecture - Design Principles and Implementation Patterns

A thorough explanation of microservices design principles, communication patterns, data management, and fault tolerance. Introducing comparisons with monoliths, service decomposition criteria, and practical best practices.

2025.12.02 Design

Monitoring and Observability - Visualizing System Health

The three pillars of observability: metrics, logs, and traces. Explaining Prometheus, Grafana, and distributed tracing.

2025.12.02 DevOps

Monorepo Design Patterns - Scalable Development with Turborepo, pnpm, and Nx

Explaining monorepo architecture design principles and practical patterns. Covering Turborepo, pnpm workspaces, Nx for efficient code sharing, build optimization, and CI/CD strategies.

2025.12.02 Monorepo

How OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect Work - Authentication and Authorization Design Principles

A thorough explanation of OAuth 2.0's four grant types and OpenID Connect (OIDC). Also covering PKCE, token management, and security best practices.

2025.12.02 Authentication

How OAuth 2.0 Works - Understanding Authentication vs Authorization

The roles of access tokens and refresh tokens. Understanding the authorization code flow with diagrams.

2025.12.02 Security

Serverless Architecture Design Guide - FaaS/BaaS Selection and Implementation Patterns

From basic concepts of serverless architecture to practical design patterns. Comparing AWS Lambda, Vercel, Cloudflare Workers, and introducing optimal use cases.

2025.12.02 Architecture

Frontend State Management Patterns - Design Philosophy of Redux, Zustand, Jotai, and Recoil

An explanation of frontend state management design patterns. Covering Flux, Atomic, and Proxy-based architectures, comparing Redux, Zustand, Jotai, and Recoil, and introducing appropriate selection criteria.

2025.12.02 State Management

Test Strategy Design Patterns - From Test Pyramid to Practical Test Design

Explaining effective test strategy design patterns. Covering test pyramid, test doubles, TDD/BDD, coverage strategies, and frontend/backend testing methods.

2025.12.02 Testing

Web Security Best Practices - OWASP Top 10 Countermeasures

A thorough guide to OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities and their countermeasures. Covering XSS, SQL injection, CSRF, authentication/authorization implementation patterns that developers should know.

2025.12.02 Security

Web Security Fundamentals - OWASP Top 10 and Practical Defenses

Explaining web application security fundamentals. Covering OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities, XSS, CSRF, SQL injection, authentication/authorization patterns, and security headers.

2025.12.02 Security

Introduction to WebAssembly - High-Speed Binary Format for Browsers

Explaining WebAssembly (WASM) from basics to practice. Covering JavaScript integration, compilation from Rust/C++, performance optimization, and practical use cases.

2025.12.02 WebAssembly

Testing Strategies - The Test Pyramid for Quality Assurance

How to choose between unit tests, integration tests, and E2E tests. Explaining TDD, mocks, and coverage.

2025.12.01 Design

Database Sharding - Scale Out with Horizontal Partitioning

Detailed explanation of sharding basics, shard key selection, rebalancing, challenges and solutions.

2024.12.31 Database

API Gateway - Designing the Entry Point for Microservices

A detailed explanation of API gateway roles, key features, BFF pattern, and comparison of Kong and Envoy.

2024.12.30 API

Introduction to Service Mesh - Traffic Control with Istio/Linkerd

Service mesh concepts, sidecar pattern, traffic management, mTLS, and comparison of major tools.

2024.12.29 Infrastructure

Designing for Idempotency - Building Safe APIs and Operations

A detailed explanation of the concept of idempotency, implementation patterns, idempotency keys, and retry strategies.

2024.12.28 API

Introduction to Design Patterns - Commonly Used Design Patterns

Explaining design patterns used in modern software development, including Singleton, Factory, Observer, and more.

2024.12.27 Design

Caching Strategies - Fundamentals of Performance Optimization

A detailed explanation of cache types, Cache-Aside, Write-Through, TTL design, and cache invalidation.

2024.12.26 Performance

Distributed Transactions - Design Patterns for Maintaining Consistency

A detailed explanation of two-phase commit, Saga pattern, compensating transactions, and how to achieve eventual consistency.

2024.12.25 Design

SOLID Principles - Foundations of Object-Oriented Design

A detailed explanation of the five principles: Single Responsibility, Open/Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, and Dependency Inversion.

2024.12.24 Design

Asynchronous Programming - Callbacks, Promises, and async/await

A detailed explanation of JavaScript asynchronous processing patterns, event loop, and the difference between concurrency and parallelism.

2024.12.23 Programming